DAVID SIMON'S COMPANY owns or co-owns nearly 400 shopping malls, stretching from Camarillo, Calif., to Catania, Sicily. But just steps from its Indianapolis headquarters is one of the company gems: Circle Centre. The mall's 60-foot-high arched, windowed ceiling allows visitors to bathe in natural light, making the atmosphere cheery even if shoppers can't find the perfect pair of jeans. And Circle Centre, built in 1995, was a big step toward reinvigorating a dreary downtown Indy.
But the mall and other gems aren't sparkling as brightly as usual. Consumers are holding on to their wallets as fears of a recession mount. Mall traffic has stalled, and some stores are even going under. All that has taken a toll on the value of Simon Property Group (
SPG: 100.65, +1.65, +1.66%), the largest U.S. real estate investment trust, or REIT. Its stock has fallen about 12 percent since early 2007.
For more SmartMoney Magazine features, turn to the
June issue.Still, to his critics, Simon, 46, can point out that the stock has returned nearly 700 percent, including dividends, to investors since he became the boss in 1995. Despite weak retail sales generally, Simon's sales and earnings (called "funds from operations," in REIT parlance) were both up 10 percent last year, and the company expects more gains in 2008. Simon makes its money by charging rent to retailers that lease mall space. Those leases typically last seven years, giving the company some breathing room in a consumer downturn. "We don't have to sell the goods," he says.
Under David Simon, son and nephew of the company's cofounders, the company has been on its own shopping spree. It now owns around $50 billion worth of real estate, up from $2 billion at its 1993 initial public offering. And more deals likely are on the way. Simon talked with contributing editor Evelyn Ellison Twitchell about the current retail malaise, the company's growth prospects and his own shopping habits.
People are cutting back on their shopping. How's that affecting the malls?
We're anticipating this year to have a somewhat higher level of store closings. What we're seeing is that some of the better retailers have tried a concept, and it's not producing the results they want. So they're shutting down the concept. Talbots tried Talbots Kids, and they're shutting down that chain. Pacific Sunwear has this concept that they want to shutter. Now, those retailers have leases, so we're going to get paid to let them out.
But you're still charging retailers more to be tenants?
In recent years, as leases have come up for renewal, we've been able to increase rates $7 to $10 per square foot, about 20 percent, which has obviously generated increased cash flow. That is going to be a little bit tougher to achieve, and the spread might not be as great. But I still think it's something we'll be able to do.
Okay, you're making the retailers pay more, so that helps your profits. Why has your stock suffered?
REITs had a huge run-up last year associated with mergers-and-acquisitions activity. There was a big move toward privatization and a lot of capital coming in. That's subsided. Now the momentum guys are out, and the capital markets are a little shaky. It's had an adjustment on valuation. But we strongly believe that the value of our assets is actually greater than our stock price.
How else does the economy affect you?
If the consumer slows down, will we have some potential cash-flow impact? The answer is yes. I think it will be de minimis. Remember, we're in the real estate business. We are somewhat — I know it's hard to believe — but we are somewhat insulated. These times are also when we can do some of our best transactions. When the economy was slipping into recession in 2001, we did one of the best deals that we've done in terms of buying a high-quality portfolio [of malls] at a very attractive price [from] Rodamco. So we're gearing up.
Are you looking at specific properties or whole companies?
We'll do both because we've always done both. There are some companies that have a little more pressure on them financially than we do, because of the way we have financed our growth. So we look at it as an opportunity.
You say you also can expand your business by actually demolishing department stores in your existing malls?
What you're seeing is, you probably don't need four or five anchor department stores; you may need two or three. That enables us to capture one of the stores, chop it up and bring in other smaller retailers, bookstores, restaurants, theaters, to broaden the appeal to the consumer.
What about building malls abroad?
In the U.S., clearly, there's a lot of retail space — about 20 square feet per capita. When you look at other markets, it's 2 to 3 square feet per capita. As we think about the future, we'd like to see more of our business going international. We're building five centers in China now. In Japan we've been successful with our premium-outlet-mall product. And we would hope over time to be bigger in Europe.
What about online shopping? I'm assuming you're not a fan of Amazon.com.
It is something that we've got to be very focused on. What I'm most concerned about is that it's not a level playing field. The dot-com-only stores don't collect sales tax, so they have an immediate advantage over our retailers. Ultimately, though, we believe if we produce the right kind of product and atmosphere, the physical shopping environment is here to stay and will continue to prosper.
So we haven't kissed our mall goodbye, as some predicted?
Yeah, Time magazine wrote that in 1998. I hope that's not on your cover. The mall's been bad-mouthed for almost two decades now. Yet if you look at not just us but other prominent companies in our space, we've all been able to grow our cash flow. Sales have gone up. So the question is, is our real estate good? At the end of the day, retailers come and go, but the mall continues to thrive and will continue to evolve. I think our results speak for themselves.
You seem like someone who has been successful at getting what you want. What do you want right now?
We have a market value of real estate of around $45 billion to $50 billion. I would like to see us become more global, and maybe that $50 billion goes to $100 billion. You've got to do it in a way that accretes to shareholders, but we would certainly like to see a bigger, broader platform. And we want to be excellent, excellent operators. So when people walk into our centers, they see a certain standard of excellence. If we had to emulate a brand, it would be the Four Seasons of the mall business.
So what's your ultimate shopping experience?
Keeping my wife happy! Otherwise, I want a clean product, a fresh product and a diversity of tenants. If I'm a shopper and have those, then I'm happy.
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SmartMoney.comLabels: Acquisitions, Development, Retail Trends